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ASTM E2281-2008a 能力指数处理和测量的标准实施规程

ASTM E2281-2008a 能力指数处理和测量的标准实施规程

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【英文标准名称】: Standard Practice for Process and Measurement Capability Indices
【原文标准名称】: 能力指数处理和测量的标准实施规程
【标准号】: ASTM E2281-2008a
【标准状态】: 现行
【国别】: 美国
【发布日期】: 2008
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】: 美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】: E11.30
【标准类型】: (Practice)
【标准水平】: ()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】: long-term variability; process capability; process capability indices; process performance; process performance indices; short-term variability; Capability indices; Long-term variability; Observation/observed values; Performance--laboratory instrumen
【摘要】: Process Capability8212;Process capability can be defined as the natural or inherent behavior of a stable process that is in a state of statistical control (1). A x201C;state of statistical controlx201D; is achieved when the process exhibits no detectable patterns or trends, such that the variation seen in the data is believed to be random and inherent to the process. Process capability is linked to the use of control charts and the state of statistical control. A process must be studied to evaluate its state of control before evaluating process capability. Process Control8212;There are many ways to implement control charts, but the most popular choice is to achieve a state of statistical control for the process under study. Special causes are identified by a set of rules based on probability theory. The process is investigated whenever the chart signals the occurrence of special causes. Taking appropriate actions to eliminate identified special causes and preventing their reappearance will ultimately obtain a state of statistical control. In this state, a minimum level of variation may be reached, which is referred to as common cause or inherent variation. For the purpose of this standard, this variation is a measure of the uniformity of process output, typically a product characteristic. Process Capability Indices8212;The behavior of a process (as related to inherent variability) in the state of statistical control is used to describe its capability. To compare a process with customer requirements (or specifications), it is common practice to think of capability in terms of the proportion of the process output that is within product specifications or tolerances. The metric of this proportion is the percentage of the process spread used up by the specification. This comparison becomes the essence of all process capability measures. The manner in which these measures are calculated defines the different types of capability indices and their use. Two process capability indices are defined in 5.2 and 5.3. In practice, these indices are used to drive process improvement through continuous improvement efforts. These indices may be used to identify the need for management actions required to reduce common cause variation, compare products from different sources, and to compare processes. Process Performance Indices8212;When a process is not in a state of statistical control, the process is subject to special cause variation, which can manifest itself in various ways on the process variability. Special causes can give rise to changes in the short-term variability of the process or can cause long-term shifts or drifts of the process mean. Special causes can also create transient shifts or spikes in the process mean. Even in such cases, there may be a need to assess the long-term variability of the process against customer specifications using process performance indices, which are defined in 6.2 and 6.3. These indices are similar to those for capability indices and differ only in the estimate of variability used in the calculation. This estimated variability includes additional components of variation due to special causes. Since process performance indices have additional components of variation, process performance usually has a wider spread than the process capability spread. These measures are useful in determining the role of measurement and sampling variability when compared to product uniformity.1.1 This practice provides guidance for the use of capability indices for evaluating process capability and performance. Process capability indices compare the variabil......
【中国标准分类号】: N04
【国际标准分类号】: 25_040_40
【页数】: 8P.;A4
【正文语种】: 英语

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